国务院


国务院批转国家进出口委、国家计委关于部分物资计划外出口实行许可证办法请示报告的通知(附英文)

1981年12月28日，国务院

通知
国务院同意国家进出口委、国家计委《关于部分物资计划外出口实行许可证办法的请示报告》，现转发给你们，希按规定的品类，研究贯彻执行。

关于部分物资计划外出口实行许可证办法的请示报告
随着国民经济调整方针的进一步贯彻，外贸体制的改革和经营权的逐步下放，我国的对外贸易，将会有一个新的发展。为了适应形势的发展，各地区、各部门还相继成立了一些出口机构，直接经营出口业务。在执行过程中，由于通报情况的工作没有跟上，致使某些国内短线产品或若干耗能高、出口不划算的物资，一方面国家大量进口，另一方面某些地区或部门却在计划外组织出口。同样一种商品，出口的价格低，进口的价格高，使国家外汇蒙受损失，也影响国家建设的需要。这样继续下去，对国家十分不利。为此，我们同有关部门商量，对国内紧缺物资的出口，提出以下建议：
一、拟划出十一类紧缺物资，对计划外出口实行许可证办法（具体目录附后）。这里所说的短线物资，也是相对而言，在执行中情况可能发生变化，拟由国家进出口委和国家计委在编制年度国民经济计划时，根据供需情况，商有关主管部门及时进行修订。
二、凡是实行许可证办法的出口物资，除国家计划安排的出口和国外来料加工、外贸部门进料加工，以及经批准已经签订合同的补偿贸易、外贸部门同地方已签有协议扶持出口的商品等以外，各地区、各部门如需计划外组织出口，或组织有利于我们的品种串换（即有进有出），要征得主管分配部门的同意，并报国家进出口委、国家计委批准。
三、各地海关要加强对计划外出口物资的管理。为了便于海关掌握，各地区、各部门凡经营目录中规定的十一类出口物资，不论是计划内的或是计划外的出口，均应向外贸部门申请出口许可证，海关凭证验放，否则一律不予放行。
四、计划外出口的目录所列物资，只要质量符合国家标准，运输上也有可能，主管分配部门应按国家价格予以收购，或协助找用户在国内销售。
以上意见如可行，请批转各部门和各省、市、自治区，自一九八二年二月一日起实行。

计划外出口实行许可证办法的物资目录
一、原油、重油、成品油。
二、煤炭。
三、钢材：薄板（包括镀锌板、镀锡板）、带钢、中
厚钢板（包括造船板）、焊管（包括镀锌焊管）、方坯。
四、生铁、焦炭、铁合金、铬矿。
五、平板玻璃。
六、有色金属：铜、铝、铅、锌、锡、钴、铋、钼精
矿及制品、碲；国家统配的铜材、铝材、铅材。
七、木材：原木、锯材、胶合板。
八、大中型厂生产的水泥。
九、天然橡胶。
十、纯碱、烧碱、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、磷矿石、硫铁矿、
硫磺、苯酐、液态烃。
十一、大米、大豆、玉米、食糖、棉花、松香、桐
油、烤烟。

CIRCULAR OF THE STATE COUNCIL CONCERNING THE APPROVAL AND TRANS-MISSION OF A REPORT SUBMITTED BY THE STATE IMPORT AND EXPORT COMMISSIONAND THE STATE PLANNING COMMISSION REQUESTING INSTRUCTIONS ON THE IMPOSI-TION OF EXPORT LICENCE PR
OCEDURES FOR THE EXPORT OF SOME GOODS ANDMATERIALS BE

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
CIRCULAR OF THE STATE COUNCIL CONCERNING THE APPROVAL AND TRANS-
MISSION OF A REPORT SUBMITTED BY THE STATE IMPORT AND EXPORT COMMISSION
AND THE STATE PLANNING COMMISSION REQUESTING INSTRUCTIONS ON THE IMPOSI-
TION OF EXPORT LICENCE PROCEDURES FOR THE EXPORT OF SOME GOODS AND
MATERIALS BEYOND THE STATE PLAN
(December 28, 1981)
The State Council agrees with the "Report Requesting Instructions on the
Imposition of Export Licence Procedures for the Export of Some Goods and
Materials Beyond the State Plan" submitted by the State Import and Export
Commission and the State Planning Commission, and the Report is hereby
transmitted to you; it is required you consider carefully the ways to
implement this Report in accordance with the prescribed categories of
goods and materials.
A REPORT REQUESTING INSTRUCTIONS ON THE IMPOSITION OF EXPORT LICENCE
PROCEDURES FOR THE EXPORT OF SOME GOODS AND MATERIALS BEYOND THE STATE
PLAN
With the further implementation of the policy for the readjustment of the
national economy, and with the structural reform of foreign trade and the
gradual decentralization of power of management, the foreign trade of our
country will have a new development. With a view to meeting the needs of
the development, various localities and departments have established some
export institutions to engage directly in export business. In the course
of these developments, owing to poor communication among different
localities and departments, the State, on the one hand, imports in large
quantities some finished products in short supply at home and other goods
and materials that are of the high energy consumption and are not suitable
for export, while some localities or departments, on the other hand, are
organizing the export of the aforesaid goods and materials beyond the
state plan. For the same kind of commodity, the price is low when it is
exported, and the price is high when it is imported, and consequently, the
State suffers losses in terms of foreign exchange, and is also affected
unfavourably with respect to the needs for construction. If this situation
is allowed to continue, the country will suffer serious losses. We have,
therefore, consulted with the relevant departments, and hereby put forward
the following proposals with respect to the export of the goods and
materials that are in short supply in China:
1. We hereby propose to designate eleven categories of badly-needed goods
and materials, on the export of which, if beyond the state plan, the
export licence procedures shall be imposed (the specific catalogue is
attached below as appendix). The products in short supply as mentioned
above are relatively in short supply, for, in the course of the
implementation, circumstances might change. It is proposed here that the
State Import and Export Commission and the State Planning Commission,
while working out the annual plan for the national economy, and through
consultation with the competent authorities concerned, set about revising,
in good time, the aforesaid catalogue in the light of the supply-and-
demand situation.
2. With respect to export goods and materials subject to the export
licence procedures with the exception of those export commodities that are
included in the State plan, materials imported to execute processing
contracts, or imported by foreign trade departments for processing into
finished goods, or contained in the approved and signed contracts for
compensation trade, or commodities on which agreements have been signed
between foreign trade departments and local units for supporting the
production for export, if any locality or department is to make
arrangements, beyond the State plan, for the export of the said goods and
materials, or to organize exchange of categories and types that are
favorable to us, the case shall obtain the consent of the competent
allocating departments, and be submitted to the State Import and Export
Commission and the State Planning Commission for approval.
3. Customs offices at various localities should improve their control over
the goods and materials that are exported beyond the State plan. In order
to facilitate the administration of the Customs offices over the aforesaid
export goods and materials, all localities and departments that deal in
the eleven categories of export goods and materials stipulated in the said
catalogue, either within or beyond the State plan, shall all apply to the
foreign trade departments for export licences and the Customs offices
shall examine the export according to the licences; otherwise, no
clearance shall be given to these goods and materials.
4. All the goods and materials listed in the catalogue for export beyond
the State plan, so long as their quality meets the state standards and no
problem arises in transportation, shall be purchased at the prices set by
the state, by the competent allocating departments, or the competent
allocating departments shall assist in locating users for domestic sale.
If the above proposals are feasible, we request that they be approved and
transmitted to all departments and all provinces, autonomous regions, and
municipalities directly under the Central Government for implementation as
of February 1, 1982.
CATALOGUE OF GOODS AND MATERIALS SUBJECT TO THE EXPORT LICENCE PROCEDURES
FOR THE EXPORT BEYOND THE STATE PLAN
1. crude oil, heavy oil, refined oil.
2. coal.
3. steel products: sheet steel (including zinc-plating steel, tin-plating
steel), strip steel, medium and heavy steel plate (including steel plate
for ship-building), welded pipe (including zinc-plating welded pipe),
square billet.
4. pig iron, coke, iron alloy, chromium ore.
5. plate glass.
6. nonferrous metals: copper, aluminium, lead, zinc, tin, cobalt, bismuth,
concentrate molybdenum ore and its products, tellurium; copper products,
aluminium products, and lead products placed under the state's unified
allocation.
7. timber: log, sawn wood products, plywood.
8. cement produced by large, medium-sized and small cement mills.
9. natural rubber.
10. sodium carbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, phosphorus ore,
mawsonite, sulphur, benzene anhydride, liquid hydrocarbon.
11. rice, soybean, corn, sugar, cotton, rosin, tung oil, flue-cured
tobacco.


合同诈骗罪中罪与非罪的界限

王勇　谢玉童
　　合同诈骗罪，是指以非法占有为目的，在鉴定、履行合同过程中，
骗取对方当事人财物，数额较大的行为，或者仅履行合同小部分，而
对合同义务的绝大部分无履行诚意以骗取财物的行为。当前在审判实
践中，只有正确划清合同诈骗罪中罪与非罪的界限，才能做到既严厉
打击合同诈骗活动，又及时调整经济纠纷，保护当事人的合法权益。

　　一、划清合同诈骗罪与民事欺诈行为的界限

　　民事欺诈行为，是指在民事活动中，一方当事人故意以不真实情
况为真实的意思表示，使对方陷于认识错误，从而达到发生、变更和
消灭一定民事法律关系的不法行为。它与合同诈骗罪的相同点是：两
者都发生在经济交往活动中，都有明确当事人权利义务关系的合同存
在，根据法律规定，都属于无效经济合同；两者在客观上都采用欺骗
方法，包括捏造事实、歪曲事实和隐瞒事实真相等，意图使对方陷入
错误：两者都是在故意的心理状态下行“骗”，不存在过失问题；行
为人都可能对特定的财物处于不法占有状态，即非法占有对方按合同
规定能交付的“标的物”。

　　两者的区别是：首先主观目的不同。这两种行为故意内容不同。
民事欺诈行为的当事人采取欺骗方法，旨在使相对人产生错误认识，
做出有利于自己的法律行为，然后通过双方履行该法律行为谋取一定
的“非法利益”，其实质是牟利：而合同诈骗罪虽然客观上可引起他
人一定民事法律行为的“意思表示”，但行为人并没有承担约定民事
义务的诚意，而是只想使对方履行那个根本不存在的民事法律关系的
“单方义务”，直接非法占有对方财物。因此，可以得出结论：合同
诈骗罪是以直接非法占有公私财物为故意内容，而民事欺诈则是通过
双方履约来间接获取非法财产利益。

　　其次是客观方面不同。具体表现在四个方面：Ａ．在行为方式上，
合同诈骗罪都是作为；而民事欺诈行为则不仅表现为作为，还有相当
一部分表现为不作为。Ｂ．从欺诈的程度看，合同诈骗罪中的虚构事
实或隐瞒真相，非法占有他人财物的行为已达到了一定程度，需要由
刑法来调整；而民事欺诈行为虽然在客观上也表现为虚构事实或隐瞒
事实真相，但其欺诈行为仍在一定的限度内，而仍应由民事法律来调
整。Ｃ．从欺诈内容看，合同诈骗罪的行为人根本没有履行合同的能
力和实际行动；而民事欺诈行为中仍有民事内容的存在。Ｄ．从欺骗
的手段看，合同诈骗罪的行为人意图利用经济合同达到骗取钱财的目
的，总是千方百计的冒充合法身份，如利用虚假的姓名、身份、空白
合同书，虚假的介绍信和授权委托书等，以骗取对方的信任使行骗得
逞；而民事欺诈行为人一般无须假冒合法身份。

　　此外，受侵犯权利的属性不同。合同诈骗罪侵犯的是财物所有权，
作为犯罪对象的公私财物，并未充当经济合同设定的权利、义务的体
现者，始终是物权的体现者；而民事欺诈行为侵犯的则是债权，即作
为侵犯对象的公私财物，是已经进入经济合同设定的生产、流通领域
的权利义务的体现者。